[chore] Update usage of OTEL libraries (#2725)

* otel to 1.24
* prometheus exporter to 0.46
* bunotel to 1.1.17

Also:
* Use schemaless URL for metrics
* Add software version to tracing schema

vendor/go.opentelemetry.io/otel/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -90,6 +90,10 @@ git push <YOUR_FORK> <YOUR_BRANCH_NAME>
 Open a pull request against the main `opentelemetry-go` repo. Be sure to add the pull
 request ID to the entry you added to `CHANGELOG.md`.
 
+Avoid rebasing and force-pushing to your branch to facilitate reviewing the pull request.
+Rewriting Git history makes it difficult to keep track of iterations during code review.
+All pull requests are squashed to a single commit upon merge to `main`.
+
 ### How to Receive Comments
 
 * If the PR is not ready for review, please put `[WIP]` in the title,
@@ -587,25 +591,46 @@ this.
 
 [^3]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go/issues/3548
 
+### Ignoring context cancellation
+
+OpenTelemetry API implementations need to ignore the cancellation of the context that are
+passed when recording a value (e.g. starting a span, recording a measurement, emitting a log).
+Recording methods should not return an error describing the cancellation state of the context
+when they complete, nor should they abort any work.
+
+This rule may not apply if the OpenTelemetry specification defines a timeout mechanism for
+the method. In that case the context cancellation can be used for the timeout with the
+restriction that this behavior is documented for the method. Otherwise, timeouts
+are expected to be handled by the user calling the API, not the implementation.
+
+Stoppage of the telemetry pipeline is handled by calling the appropriate `Shutdown` method
+of a provider. It is assumed the context passed from a user is not used for this purpose.
+
+Outside of the direct recording of telemetry from the API (e.g. exporting telemetry,
+force flushing telemetry, shutting down a signal provider) the context cancellation
+should be honored. This means all work done on behalf of the user provided context
+should be canceled.
+
 ## Approvers and Maintainers
 
 ### Approvers
 
 - [Evan Torrie](https://github.com/evantorrie), Verizon Media
 - [Sam Xie](https://github.com/XSAM), Cisco/AppDynamics
-- [David Ashpole](https://github.com/dashpole), Google
 - [Chester Cheung](https://github.com/hanyuancheung), Tencent
 - [Damien Mathieu](https://github.com/dmathieu), Elastic
 - [Anthony Mirabella](https://github.com/Aneurysm9), AWS
 
 ### Maintainers
 
+- [David Ashpole](https://github.com/dashpole), Google
 - [Aaron Clawson](https://github.com/MadVikingGod), LightStep
 - [Robert Pająk](https://github.com/pellared), Splunk
 - [Tyler Yahn](https://github.com/MrAlias), Splunk
 
 ### Emeritus
 
+- [Liz Fong-Jones](https://github.com/lizthegrey), Honeycomb
 - [Gustavo Silva Paiva](https://github.com/paivagustavo), LightStep
 - [Josh MacDonald](https://github.com/jmacd), LightStep